Category Archive: South Korea

May 11

North Korea denies any involvement in South Korean bank cyber attacks.

One major story that I haven’t put any focus on yet is the massive cyber attack on South Korea’s agricultural co-op bank, Nonghyup. On April 12th this year, a distributed denial of service attack crippled the bank’s systems for several days, affecting millions of customers. The attacks originated from a computer causing the same trouble in March 2010, which was at the time traced to be from North Korea. According to JoongAng:

Prosecutors initially suspected an inside job but now say that North Korea got lucky by randomly infecting a computer that happened to be hooked up to a major South Korean organization’s servers. They say the attack didn’t have a clear or obvious purpose except for causing trouble.
Prosecutors said they found 81 malignant codes on the IBM worker’s laptop that had been encrypted to prevent discovery. The encryption method, prosecutors said, was very similar to that used in DDoS attacks last year and in 2009, which North Korea was believed to be behind.
Seoul prosecutors said the IBM worker’s computer had been infected on Sept. 4, 2010, and subsequently manipulated from afar via the Internet to allow it to extract information.
Kim Young-dae, a senior prosecutor from the Seoul Central District Prosecutors’ Office, said, “1,073 A4 pages worth of information were taken during the past seven months.” Kim said a key-logging program had been installed, giving the perpetrators access to administrator passwords. However, the data extracted was not related to customer transactions, Kim said.
The laptop was then commanded to cause destruction, and on April 12 it wreaked havoc on 273 of Nonghyup’s 587 servers in two attacks lasting 40 minutes.
Hackers deleted the malicious programs from the laptop after the attacks, prosecutors said, which made tracking them “extremely difficult.”
Kim said the perpetrators hadn’t targeted Nonghyup, but by chance managed to infect a computer linked to its servers.

North Korea released their response to these allegations, by way of state run news outlet KCNA:

A spokesman for the Ministry of the People’s Armed Forces under the DPRK National Defence Commission issued a statement on Tuesday censuring the south Korean group of traitors for their bad habit of pulling up the DPRK.

The statement said:

South Korea reportedly met the "greatest banking computer disturbance ever in history", in which the banking computer network of the "National Agricultural Cooperative Federation" has been put at the worst paralysis since April 12.

This case caused a great loss and south Korea experienced a hot agony of shame in the eyes of the world.

What is at issue is the fact that the group of traitors let the puppet Intelligence Service and prosecution finally announce this case as "done by the north" after making "joint investigation" into it for nearly one month.

What the group claimed as evidence to link the case with the DPRK is that the IP used in attacking the said computer network was identical with the IP of the DPRK Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and the attack was based on the delicate and accurate way of remote control whereby its attacker was supposed to be a special cyber unit. It also asserted that such attack was hard to be carried out without mighty human and material resources and this was not an attack for "gaining specified interests" such as stealing fund and data but repeated attack aimed at "indiscriminate destruction."

Its assertions are just absurd argument based on unreasonable ground.

Even the members of the federation hard hit by what happened, in actuality, refuted the announcement that "the north was responsible for the cyber attack" as a "hasty conclusion" as it lacked scientific accuracy. Even the Defense Security Command of the puppet army known not to lag behind others in investigating cases officially declared that the incident cannot be branded as an "attack made by the north Korean military."

Moreover, experts cast doubt about the assertion that "it was done by the north," querying "Had the IPs used for the above-said attack belonged to U.S., Japan or south Korea, the U.S., Japan and south Korea should have been accountable for having created this confusion."

Last year the south Korean authorities asserted that the "Cheonan" sinking case was "linked with the north" as the propelling body of the torpedo they claimed sank it was inscribed with letters "No. 1." Different circles of south Korea are now widely jeering at them, putting up questions as to how many letters "No. 1" were attached to the IPs which were used for attacking the Federation’s banking computer network.

In the final analysis, the story about "the north’s involvement" spread by the group of traitors is creating fresh suspicion even in its own camp and it is, therefore, derided by people for being one more farce and charade. The above-said story floated by the group is aimed at saving its policy of confrontation with the north from shaking to its very foundation, weathering the crisis of its state administration fully disclosed in the closing years of its rule before and after the April 27 by-election and evade the responsibility for having stemmed the trend of national reconciliation, unity, peace and prosperity.

All the developments go to prove that the group of traitors’ rumor that "the north was responsible for what happened" is one more farce staged against the nation to realize its sinister attempt and an anti-DPRK charade as ridiculous as the "Cheonan" warship sinking case.

There are sayings that one should reflect on one’s deed before pulling up others and one had better mind one’s own business.

The group of traitors should boldly discard its bad habit of finding fault with others.

And it should immediately stop its reckless war exercises, waiting for someone’s "contingency" to take place, unaware of its situation where it is threatened with total collapse.

The group of traitors should bear in mind that the more anachronistic anti-DPRK farce and charade it orchestrates, the bitterer disgrace and fiasco it will face.

Typical North Korea bluster. As with last March’s Cheonan warship sinking, they are outright denying any involvement, which has been a prickly issue for the South Korean government who insist on apologies for the Cheonan attack and Yeonpyeong Island shelling before a return to Six Party Talks aimed at denuclearization can resume. South Korea’s investigation is still ongoing.

Source: Korea JoongAng Daily / KCNA

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/822

May 10

SK President offering conditional nuke summit invitation to Kim Jong-Il.

On a short stop in Gemany, South Korean President Lee Myung-Bak had an interesting proposal for the North. From The Korea Herald:

President Lee Myung-bak said Monday that he was willing to invite North Korean leader Kim Jong-il to the world’s largest nuclear summit to be held in Seoul next year if Pyongyang “firmly agrees” with the international community to denuclearize.

“If the North firmly agrees on denuclearization, I plan to invite Kim Jong-il to the second Nuclear Security Summit next spring,” Lee said during a joint press conference with German Chancellor Angela Merkel here in the German capital.
Lee’s proposal Monday was a step forward from what he said a year ago at the first Nuclear Security Summit initiated by U.S. President Barack Obama in Washington, adding greater pressure to the isolated Kim regime. The North is believed to be enriching uranium, which could be used to make atomic bombs.

Lee said back then that he could invite Kim to the next gathering of some 50 world leaders in Seoul in April 2012 if the North rejoined the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and showed a clear commitment to denuclearization.
The latest conditional invitation, however, does not require the North’s return to the NPT, Lee’s secretary for external strategy Kim Tae-hyo said.
“It would be necessary for the North to clarify its position through the proposed inter-Korean talks on denuclearization,” Kim told reporters.
“Then the detailed time frame for the various denuclearization measures and corresponding economic aid could be discussed through six-party talks.”
The presidential aide added that Seoul has roughly discussed the conditional invitation of Kim Jong-il with the White House although it has not informed Pyongyang about it.
The remarks came after Lee and Merkel agreed during their talks to strengthen economic ties, especially for the development of renewable energy, and to keep up with ongoing efforts to share Germany’s experience in reunifying the East and West to help South Korea prepare for reunification with the North.

Feels like a big opportunity for Pyongyang. All the North has to do for the invitation to the summit is say they’ll denuclearize, which I’ve done countless times in the past without any real meaning or intent. This hopeful sentiment will resonate with all the higher powers that don’t know any better, and the economic aid will start flowing once more. Then Kim will bail on any agreements and will we’ll all be back where we started. Again. Hope I’m not sounding too cynical here.

Source: The Korea Herald

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/818

Apr 11

News in brief + a brief hiatus

Kim Jong-Un doesn’t get a promotion at Supreme People’s Assembly

The Supreme People’s Assembly, constitutionally the most powerful entity in North Korea but in reality a rubber steam parliament for the Korean Worker’s Party under Kim Jong-Il, has convened its first meeting of 2011. Many Pyongyang watchers suspected the SPA would be used as on opportunity to bolster the rank of leader-to-be Kim Jong-Un. Neither Jong-Un or his father Kim Jong-Il were in attendance.

Source: North Korea Leadership Watch

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North Koreans in Libya ordered to stay put

As countries around the world scramble to evacuate their citizens from the chaotic anti-regime uprisings in Libya, North Korea has sent a different message to its own people in the country: Stay there. Pyongyang via their Libyan embassy has ordered the 200+ North Koreans abroad in Libya, likely living there to earn foreign currency to send home, to “follow the measures of the Libyan [Gadhafi] government”. The North Koreans being denied permission to return home has led to speculation that the Kim regime is attempting to quell the spread of information back home regarding the revolutions and uprisings occurring in the Middle East.

Source: Yonhap News

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North Korea pulls out of Hyundai resort tourism

The Mt. Kumgang resort, a joint tourism project between Seoul-based Hyundai Asan and the North Korean government, saw over a million South Korean tourists pass through since 1998. However, 2008 the shooting death  of a South Korean tourist by a DPRK soldier has had the tours suspended since. Hyundai has paid for much of the facilities and infrastructure at the resort, but now the North has backed out of the agreement between the government and Hyundai Asan. Hyundai had an agreement forged in 2002 giving them land use rights in the majestic mountain region until 2052, but this appears to be a renege on the agreement. The move is seen as a possible ploy by the North to force Hyundai to resume tours (without the condition of allowing a murder investigation for the SK tourism), or encourage Chinese tourism to the resort.

Source: The Chosun Ilbo

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On a side note, I’ll be on vacation for awhile, thus incommunicado and not updating this space. Will get right back to it in a couple of weeks, meanwhile I’ll be catching up on some reading on a sunny beach in Cayo Guillermo.

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/812

Mar 30

News in Brief – last week of March round-up

SK military plan for removing monuments to Kim dynasty

In 2008, the South Korean military drafted a plan for dealing with the thousands of monuments and idols to Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il in the event of a regime collapse.  I relish the day I can watch the giant statue of Kim Il-Sung get toppled to the ground on TV, but can’t help but cringe at the amount of mountain explosions that will be involved in removing the thousands of slogans engraved into North Korea’s mountainsides.

Source: Chosun Ilbo

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Kim Jong-Il admits to nightmares where citizens stone him

Chung Mong-joon, former (and future?) SK presidential candidate and billionaire controlling stakeholder of Hyundai Group, detailed an anecdote of a meeting between his father and Kim Jong-Il:

"My father met Kim Jong-il many times and had lengthy conversations with him over meals… Many people come to greet me wherever I go, but I know that they don’t like me. I have dreams of being stoned, and the first stones are thrown by Americans, followed by South Koreans, and the third by North Koreans.”

Interesting rare bit of insight from the despotic Dear Leader. Personally, I think the North Koreans should get first toss.

Source: Chosun Ilbo

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27 astray North Koreans finally sent home

North Koreans board a South Korean naval vessel ...

South Korea finally repatriated 27 of the 31 North Koreans who accidentally drifted to the South’s Yeonpyeong Island. Numerous delays were introduced first by a belligerent North Korea demanding all 31 be returned (4 requested asylum in the South) via Panmunjom border village. Later it was decided that the exchange would happen at sea, but weather and the seaworthiness of the North Korean vessel being returned caused further delays.

The exchange happened at the Northern Limit Line and was rather uneventful, however some observers are noting that North Korea’s behaviour during the exchange indicate the first instance since the Korean War that the DPRK has recognized the NLL.

Source: Reuters / Korea JoongAng Daily

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Nine defectors aided by South Korean pastor over a 2 year period

Recently the South Korean Coast Guard picked up 9 North Korean defectors at sea, and we hadn’t gotten much detail until recently. Kim Sung-Eun, a Christian pastor in the South to a parish of mostly NK defectors came forward to state that he helped the defectors come to South Korea via China, and that the process took over 2 years to complete. Some of the defectors had family in the South who had previously defected, and a few waited in China for as long as 4 years before they could be reunited. On Monday, the defectors departed from China on a fishing boat, and transferred to a South Korean fishing vessel in international waters.

Source: AFP

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/799

Mar 24

Nine NK refugees arrive in South Korea; Jimmy Carter returning to Pyongyang

Two unrelated stories, but light enough on details to keep to one post.

Jimmy Carter returning to Pyongyang for talks with other former world leaders

A delegation formed by “The Elders”, a group of former world leaders whose mission statement is to promote peace and address human suffering will apparently be visiting Pyongyang next month. Details are sparse and are only sourced to “diplomatic sources in Seoul”. The delegation is alleged to consist of (nabbed from Wikipedia):

Quite a team! No word on their exact objectives or itinerary. More details will follow as they become available. Jimmy Carter, of course, is known for his diplomatic efforts diffusing the North Korean nuclear crisis in the early 90s. More recently, he travelled to Pyongyang to secure the release of Aijalon Gomes, and expected to meet Kim Jong-Il who instead took an impromptu trip to China (possibly to secure Chinese backing of DPRK leadership succession to his son, announced a few weeks later).

Source: Yonhap News

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Nine North Korean refugees arrive by boat in South Korea

This is a developing story with very few details. May be several days before we hear anything new about these would-be defectors. An unnamed official is quoted as saying the following:

"The Coast Guard is investigating nine North Koreans who claimed to be refugees. They arrived late Thursday at the port of Gunsan after crossing the Yellow Sea (from China)"

All North Korean defectors are interrogated and investigated when entering South Korea. This serves as a wise precaution, as the strategy of deploying North Korean spies in the South by having them pretend to be defectors has occurred in the past. Given the heroic entry from China’s Yellow Sea, hopefully they are Koreans fleeing a bad situation for a better life in the South.

Source: Yonhap News

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/794

Mar 22

DPRK accuses US soldiers of provocation and lewdness at border

North Korea, by way of state-run KCNA TV, denounced US troops stationed in South Korea for allegedly partying at the demilitarized zone that divides the two Koreas. The US military is accused of over 50 instances of trespassing between March 1st to March 8th 2011, as well as partying, taking pictures with girls, and throwing bottles of alcohol at North Korean troops. The North has threatened “human damage” if similar behavior were to reoccur. The United States Forces in Korea have officially denied the allegations. DPRK seems to be going to lengths to extend communication with Seoul while still condemning the US and their military presence on the peninsula.

Source: The Korea Times

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/793

Mar 22

North & South Korea may cooperate on volcano research

image

Mt. Baekdu (aka Mt. Paektu), Korea’s tallest mountain and the setting for much of North Korea’s mythology (such as Kim Il-Sung’s guerrilla warfare staging grounds and the alleged birthplace of Kim Jong-Il) is peaking the interest of scientists on both sides of the Korea peninsula. In the midst of the Japan’s devastating earthquake, and after seismic activity in recent years, North Korea has asked the South for assistance in assessing the volcano’s status. South Korea has sent back a message agreeing in principle that cooperation is necessary. A meeting on March 29th between volcano experts has been proposed, but North Korea has yet to comment.

Mt. Baekdu is split down the middle on the Chinese/North Korean border and is known as Changbai in China. The move is seen by North Korea experts to be a push on both sides to open communication channels between the rival states.

Source: Associated Press

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/791

Mar 16

The past week in review

Work had me travelling this past week and I’ve been unable to pull myself away for updates. Here’s a synopsis of what’s been going on on the peninsula:

North demands all 31 of the North Koreans that drifted accidentally into the South be repatriated; South maintains 4 wish to stay

As discussed previously, North Korea demanded all 31 citizens to be repatriated. The North then demanded that the 4 who wish to defect meet their families at the Panmunjom border. When that didn’t happen, the North finally conceded that the 27 be returned by sea. Bad weather will likely prevent this from happening today, but may be rescheduled for tomorrow.

Below: Video of a North Korean wife and daughter denouncing the South for “coercing” their husband/father to defect.

Source: The Chosun Ilbo / Open Radio for North Korea

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Associated Press CEO makes visit to Pyongyang

Thomas Curley, the CEO of Associated Press, one of  the largest news agencies in the US, made a personal trip to North Korea to petition for a bureau to be opened in Pyongyang. Seems unlikely, but who knows?

Source: Yonhap via North Korean Economy Watch

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North threatens “sea of fire” in Seoul if joint SK-US military exercises proceed, jams GPS signals

Last week, North Korea strongly protested South Korea – US military exercises and once again threatened all out war should the provocations continue. DPRK has taken the opportunity to once again demonstrate it’s ability to jam GPS signals; intermittent GPS failures occurred several times in northwestern South Korea military bases. The South issues a formal protest requesting the North stop the jamming in the form of a letter, however the North declined to accept the letter. No reasons were cited.

Source: Chosun Ilbo / AFP / GPS Daily

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Kim Jong-Un gets invitation to visit China in July

‘Nuff said, see link below for more words with the same amount of detail.

Source: Mainichi Daily News

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/787

Mar 03

27 of 31 stranded North Koreans to return home from South

image

You might recall in early February the story of 31 North Koreans that accidentally drifted on their boat into South Korea (at contested border island Yeonpyeong), recently shelled by North Korea), at what was then presumed to be a defection attempt. The group was adamant that defection was not their intention, and that they had washed up by mistake. Now apparently, 4 of the group do wish to defect to South Korea, and their wishes are being honoured. South Korea will repatriate only 27 of the North Koreans, despite demands from the North that all 31 be delivered back immediately. 

The four defectors consist of two men, and two women. The remaining 9 men and 18 women will be returned to the DPRK by way of the Panmunjom DMZ border village. The wooden boat they arrived in, which departed from the North Korean port city of Nampo, will also be returned to North Korea. The transaction is supposed to occur this Friday.

Speculation is abound (when isn’t it?) that the North will react harshly to only some of the stranded North Koreans being returned. This comes during a time of escalated tensions, as the North threatens “all out war” in retaliation for annual war games and simulations run by the South Korean and American militaries. As of November 2010, 20,000 defectors reside in South Korea, most going through China to get there.

Source: Yonhap News / Korea JoongAng Daily

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/786

Feb 25

Why North Korea isn’t going to overthrow its dictatorship anytime soon

mansudae

I’m going to share a somewhat longwinded rant that I posted on the news aggregation website Reddit. A number of popular posts were excitedly discussing the possibility of revolution in North Korea, while basing most of their claims on wild speculation and sometimes outright false information.

One of the top stories in /r/WorldNews, with over 1500 comments is the hype surrounding a certain article that citizens in North Korea are staging unprecedented public protests against the Kim Jong-Il regime. The original article is here: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/MB25Dg01.html

The Asia Times article cites most of its information from the Chosun Ilbo, South Korea’s most popular newspaper. I can’t find the article they speak of, but there’s plenty of alternative stories on the English Chosun site. This SK professor makes some good points:

  • Discontent: It’s been a harsh winter, and North Koreans are once again very hungry. Rations aren’t being distributed properly, because the international food aid on which the country has been dependent for decades is all sparse. What does come through is coming from China, and is primarily reserved for the military and the elite.
  • Easier access to information: Word is getting out about just how deplorable the North Korean situation really is to its citizens. Cellphones are becoming more widespread, though strictly compartmentalized with no outside access. People close to the SK or Chinese borders are sometimes able to get a signal from those countries and communicate with the outside world. South Korean television shows and anti-regime propaganda videos are finding their way into peoples hands.
  • Chinese influence: Information is exchanged during trading sessions. I wouldn’t put too much stock in this information spreading quickly or very far.

First let me get into a little bit about how North Korean society is structured. Pyongyang, the capital, is where most of the elite and those most loyal to the party can live. It is considered a great reward to be moved from one of the provinces into the capital. They get first dibs on pretty much everything. A far cry from the luxuries we take for granted, but idyllic in the eyes of most North Koreans.

Flattery will get you everywhere in the DPRK. Young people aspire to serve in the military, for a 10 year period, just for the shot at getting a good job and becoming a party member. Anything you say against the regime will very likely put you into a labour camp. Once you’ve served time in the labour camp, you’ll either die or get shipped to one of the crummier provinces, never to rise in rank again. It really doesn’t take much for this to happen. Almost all military defectors in South Korea have done so because they realized their "careers" were in ruins for good. The Kim Jong-Il regime, like his father’s (Kim Il-Sung) before him, doesn’t take any shit.

I’m sure every Redditor has read George Orwell’s 1984. Kids ratting out their parents. Neighbours throwing neighbours under the bus for an offhand comment, or something trivial such as not dusting the portraits of the Great and Dear leaders in their households. Spies are literally everywhere in North Korea, and for the most part, people are absolutely terrified to speak out. So they put on a smile and continue worshipping the Kim personality cult. When you get in trouble, typically your entire family goes with you, effectively "purging the bad blood". Many North Koreans fear more for their families lives than their own, so behave accordingly. It is truly a dictatorship based on fear.

Still there is a fierce nationalism in the country. From birth, North Koreans are taught to hate the USA and Japan. To a lesser degree, South Koreans, but in that case mostly just the "puppet" capitalist government that they teach is the cause of the North’s repression. The North is a mountainous region with many natural resources, but difficulty growing their own crops. The South is plentiful in farmland and food, but imports most of their natural resources. Korean reunification has been the ultimate goal since the end of World War II, or so either side would have their citizens believe. They would be a powerhouse if they could reunite, and the American military is blamed for keeping them divided. China props up the DPRK because they too are resentful of the strategic military positions the Americans have on the Korea peninsula. This was Kim Il-Sung’s goal, and all of the shortfalls in North Korean history are said to be an ongoing battle in a long running revolution for Korean supremacy.

Here’s another article about one of the protests in Sinuju, a border town near China. The protests were sparked by police cracking down on markets, which are typically ignored but technically illegal in the country. Many count on these markets to survive, as they are not receiving food from the state as they’re supposed to. When the police crack down on these markets, and there are no alternatives to food, people get understandably angry. But the protests were quelled pretty quickly. People were probably killed and injured. Many others and their families probably trucked off to labour camps never to be heard from again.

That being said, sometimes protests are allowed to happen. DPRK attempted a grand currency reform in late 2009 which screwed a great deal of the population out of any money they had in their savings accounts. Since Kim Jong-Il’s songun or military first politics are centered around strengthening their forces, the people can be convinced that the poor economic decision was the result of poor high level decision making outside of Kim’s scope. Demonstrations were held, citizens were not punished. The regime said "yes, this was a mistake, and now were are executing the people responsible", and that’s what happened.

When Kim Il-Sung had tapped his son to be successor, party members loyalties were put to the test. Many adored Kim Sr. but questioned the leadership capabilities of his reckless son. Thus, a lot of purging occurred where dissenting party members were executed or demoted, and key supporters were put in the vacant positions. Much of the leadership of North Korea are directly related to the Kim family, or to the original families that fought alongside Kim Il-Sung’s guerilla struggles against Japan (which he is largely lauded for achieving Korean independance, though history indicates his true impact was minimal). Kim Jong-Il is getting old and his health is questionable, and so in turn he is propping up his son, Kim Jong-Un for succession. This means a whole new round of purges, a tighter crackdown on defectors and malcontents, and more credit to Kim Jong-Un for anything nice that happens in North Korea. Jong-Un is allegedly to continue his father’s military-first policy, but is also being heralded as brining about the dawn of "CNC" or Computer Numerical Control– basically the automation of manufcaturing the improve the quality of lives of North Koreans. Part of this is the distribution of cellphones, computers and digital technology, though obviously cut off from the rest of the world.

South Korea’s just as in the dark about North Korea as the rest of the world. Yes, the SK government marked Kim Jong-Il’s birthday on the 14th by launching propaganda balloons filled with anti-regime pamphlets, shortwave radios, DVDs, etc. This is nothing new and will not bring about a revolution. South Korea has been launching these balloon propaganda campaigns for decades. It wouldn’t surprise me if North Koreans, seeing these balloons heading for their town don’t go into their houses and shut the doors. If you find a balloon, you must turn it over to the authourities. If you read the contents you will be punished. If you keep what’s in it, you’ll be punished. If you see someone else reading the material and don’t report them, you will be punished.

Here’s another article from the Korea Times about how Seoul has stated that there are no signs that the North Koreans are staging widescale protests. The protests are small, and localized, and have no chance of growing beyond that. People are not allowed to travel between provinces at will, and there are military checkpoints all over the country.

Sorry for this long-winded rant. In a nutshell, North Koreans can’t revolt because they lack the ability to organize. There are no mass communication tools available to them. There is a great fear of repression from the authourities. The only real opportunity for change in North Korea will be the death of Kim Jong-Il, and this must happen sooner rather than later, or Kim Jong-Un’s grip will become as strong as his father’s. The coup would happen at a high military level, and as I mentioned before, many of these people are family to the Kim dynasty. I’m going to stop now, I could probably go on for hours.

Source: Reddit.com

Permanent link to this article: http://www.openingupnorthkorea.com/archives/783

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